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TO ERIVAN 129
to variations in the dampness of the climate. Thus wc find
that the climatic conditions were probably as follows :
But there is nothing to show that the climate in these
regions has, on the whole, become drier during the last thousand
years. Accordingly there is no reason to suppose that
climatic changes are responsible for the removal of populations.
The ruined settlements or villages that wc find in desert
country may, of course, have been inhabited by herdsmen who
kept their animals on the mountain slopes in summer, but
had sufficient pasturage round their subsequently abandoned
dwellings during the damper times of year, especially in
spring.
As previously stated, the winter is cold in this country, but
the summer is all the warmer. As night frosts often occur
in April, the period in which agriculture can be carried on is
only five and a half months, from the middle of April to
the first few days of October. Night frosts are unusual in
October. The mean temperature for the whole season is
2i*4°C, and for the warmest months, July and August,
25 -3° C, at Erivan.
Agriculture.—Armenia is an agricultural country ; more
than 90 per cent. of its people are tillers of the soil. There
are possibilities for industrial development, no doubt, but
little has been done in that line.
This little country has been devastated by war and revolu
tion, and several thousand refugees have sought a home in
it, in addition to the population already resident there.
1 Cf. Ed. Briickner, Klima-Schwankungen seit iyoo. Geographische Abhand-
lungen herausgeg. von A. Penck, Wien, vol. iv, No. 2, 1890.
F. Nansen, Klima-vekslinger i historisk og postglacial tid {Climatic Variations in
Historical and Post-glacial Times), in papers published by the Norske Videnskaps-
Akademi, Oslo ; Mathem.—Natural Science Section, 1926, No. 3, p. 19.
I
Period.
Circa 915-921
In the twelfth century
Circa 1 306-1 307
In 1638
Since 171 5
Climate.
Comparatively damp and cold.
Dry and probably warm.
Very damp and probably cold.
Damper and probably co/der than now.
Mucb as now, except for minor periodica
variations. 1
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