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Child Labour and Child Crimes 331
working man able to read and to write receives
without exception on that account a higher
pay than the illiterate ones who can be only
used for the coarsest kind of work. The
present development of German industry, as
compared with English, is to be ascribed
among other things to the superior educational
training of the German people. The inten-
sive and intelligent work of the American
working man has apparently the same cause.
But when children made sleepy by work in
the factory enter evening schools, or when
children are taken too early from school,
they lose under continuous hard work the de-
sire and possibility of adapting themselves
to a higher education; they become organic
machines which feed the inorganic ones. This
must cause the value of their work to de-
cline. These organic machines are passive,
they do not try to improve their condition
of life, as do the higher workmen. Besides
living machines cannot increase the j)roduct of
labour. Intelligent working men who watch
over their own rights and increase them are
also those who learn easiest new methods of
work, discover new inventions which are of ad-
vantage to their line of work, and so increase
the value of their product. It is only by the
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