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$o II. CONVERSION OF SWEDEN (A.D. 8301130).
the slowness of the conversion of the country and the
expectation which it enables us to form.
2 AND 3. THE HAMBURG-BREMEN MISSION FROM
ANSKAR TO ODINKAR (830 A.D. 980 A.D.).
2. EBO AND ANSKAR. GAUTBERT.
Efforts for the conversion of the two southern Scandi
navian nations began almost simultaneously in the earlier
part of the ninth century, but they succeeded much more
rapidly in Denmark than in Sweden. Charles the Great
had been satisfied with the conversion of his own subjects
in great measure by force, and considered that the only
policy to be pursued as regards the Danes was to defend
his empire from their incursions. His son, the Emperor
Louis the Pious (814 A.D. 840 A.D.), preferred to try the
gentler way, and sent Ebo, Archbishop of Reims, with the
approval and authority of Pope John X., probably in the
year 823 A.D., as the first Christian missionary beyond the
Eider. A few years later a Danish prince, Harald Klak,
desiring alliance with the Franks, determined to become a
Christian, and was baptized, with his wife, at Mainz in
826 A.D. On his return to Denmark he took with him
Anskar,
1
a monk of Corbie, near Amiens, who had recently
1
The authorities for the life and mission of Anskar are
fortunately excellent. They are his life by Rimbert, his deacon
and intimate friend and successor in the Archbishopric, and the
chronicle of the archbishops of Hamburg (Gesta Pontificum
Hammaburgensis Ecclesice), written by Adam, a canon of
Bremen, and master of the schools there about the year 1075
A.D. Rimbert s life has often been printed. A rather conven
ient, but not very correct, text of it is to be found in Fabricius
Scriptores Septentrionales, and another in the second volume of
the Scriptores Rerum Suecicarum, published in 1828, with
a Swedish version. The best text is probably that in Pertz
Monumenta Germanics, Vol. ii. I have had access to all of
these, but I have found the one most convenient for reference to
be the reprint of Mabillon s text from the Annales Benedictini,
Vol. vi., in Migne s Patrologia, Vol. 118, and I have referred
to the chapter numerals and pages of that edition. I have used
Pertz s, or rather Lappenberg s edition of Adam of Bremen s
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