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ii6 III. THE ROMANIZED CHURCH (A.D. 11301389).
view to the prevention of the inheritance of benefices, or
even of any possessions by their children. At the same
time bishops were forbidden to exact anything but food and
drink at their visitations, and only allowed to take a certain
retinue with them.
The legate ordered these rules to be read and put in exe
cution at the yearly synods. He further enlarged them,
with papal authority, a year or two later doing his best to
get the elections of bishops entirely free from outside inter
ference, and to prevent the clergy from taking any oath to
the king or other secular person. These rules were con
firmed by Innocent IV., who was then pope, in 1250.
They naturally produced opposition, and the law of celi
bacy was never really thoroughly enforced, though it was
often talked about.
12 TO 16. PERIOD II. THE FOLKUNGAR (1250 1389).
12. JARL BIRGER AND HIS FAMILY. GOOD LAWS.
MAGNUS LADUL&S AND VALDEMAR. GROWTH OF
POWER OF THE POPE. COUNCIL OF TELJE (1279).
PRIESTS MARRIAGES. DISTINCTION OF "
FREE
"
AND "UNFREE." KNIGHT-SERVICE INTRODUCED.
With the death of Eric Erricsson, the third of the Eric
line of Swedish kings, the rivalry between that dynasty and
the Gothic line of the Sverkers came to an end. During
the latter part of Ericsson s nominal reign the Jarl Birger
had been all powerful, and he continued to be so after the
election of his son Valdemar until his own death in 1266.
The election took place during the Jarl s absence on a
crusade in Tavasteland against the Finns, where our coun
tryman, Bishop Thomas, was at once zealous and impru
dent. The crusade was promoted by Pope Gregory IX.,
who gave the same indulgence to those who took part in it
which was granted to crusaders going to the Holy Land
(Celsii :
Bullarium, p. 67, 9th December, 1237).
The Folkunga dynasty lasted in one form or another for
nearly 140 years. It was something like the line of Pepin
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