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6. INNER RELIGIOUS LIFE. CHAPTERS. 173
sometimes interfered with by papal reservation or provision
(Sv. M., v. 148-9). At times also the kings petitioned the
popes to delegate to them rights of nomination. These
rights were specially granted to King Magnus Ericsson in
1347 and 1352. King Christian I. also made an agreement
with Pope Sixtus IV. that he should present suitable per
sons to the provostship, archidiaconate and decanate in
some of the principal cathedrals (ibid. 150). But these
were exceptional cases, and the general independence of
the chapters were recognized as the rule.
The bishop presided in the chapter, and the provost was
vice-president. The provost accompanied the bishop on
his visitations, and also visited, under the bishop s direc
tion, in his own person. He was also generally pastor of
the city church. His relation to the archdeacon and dean
do not seem to have been very clearly defined. Cathedral
statutes, such as those that are common in England, do not
seem to have been preserved, or, at any rate, are
not accessible in print. But the general principle of the
chapter s work was here as elsewhere
"
to assist the bishop
when the see was full, to supply his place when it was
vacant."
21
In Sweden the chapters seem to have been able
to maintain their independence in elections more than in
England, though when a bishop was a strong man we do
not find evidence of independent capitular action.
As regards the districts assigned to each bishop, the
great difference between mediaeval and modern Sweden is
that the former contained the whole of Finland from
Viborg in the East to Tornea in the North, and did not
contain the Danish provinces which were in the diocese of
Lund, nor Bohuslan, which was Norwegian. Gotland
also was for a long time independent, then Swedish, then
Danish. The Archbishop of Upsala had an enormous
diocese, extending up to Tornei in the North, and includ
ing Jemtland and Herjedalen, which were under the Nor
wegian crown. Some attempt was made in the union
21 "
Auxiliari episcopo, sede plena :
supplere, sede vacante,"
Benson :
I.e., p. 52.
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