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220 V. THE REFORMATION (A.D. 15201592).
Olaus became again secretary of the city in 1542, and
pastor of the Great Church in 1543, an office which he held
till his death in 1552. Laurentius Andreae lived in retire
ment, and died about the same time as Olaus.
8. PRESBYTERIAN TENDENCY OF THE KING S POLICY.
NORMAN S VISITATION AND "
CHURCH ORDER."
DIVISION OF DIOCESES.
A great change in the attitude of the State to the Church
occurred after the year 1539, when Laurentius Andreae and
Olaus Petri were condemned, and its effects continued
during the latter half of Gustaf s reign. Their fall was
largely owing to the influence of the two foreigners whom
Gustaf trusted, who naturally viewed the Church from
a German standpoint. The supremacy of the princes in
Germany in their own States, and of Henry VIII. in Eng
land, and the absence of the episcopal order in Germany,
and its transformation and subjection in Denmark, were
precedents naturally brought to the notice of Gustaf.
Henry VIII., in 1531, had received from the English
Convocation
"
the title of singular protector and supreme
lord, and, so far as the law of Christ allows, supreme head
of the English Church and clergy."
34
Gustaf now took
the less arrogant title of
"
supreme defender of the
Christian faith over his whole realm," and now appointed
George Norman as his ordinary and superintendent. This
man was (with the consent of a council and an assistant)
to exercise the king s jurisdiction over bishops, prelates
and all other spiritual persons. He was to put such per
sons in office in the king s name, and to hold visitations by
his authority, with the duty of reporting to the king. Be
sides the superintendent and his assistant, there were to be
local elders, seniores who seem to have been clergy (not
laymen as Anjou suggested), and a local conservator,
probably a layman, to inspect places visited by the super-
34
See R. W. Dixon : Hist, of the Ch. of Eng., ed. 3, I.,
p. 64, 1895.
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