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I 2 ._JOHN III. AND THE LITURGY. 241
was slightly shorter than Laurentius Petri s
"
Church
Order." It was more of a theological treatise than a
book of articles, and more of a book of articles
than a Prayer Book, although it contained certain litur
gical forms for confirmation, confession and the mass.
It was, on the whole, in form more akin to the Augsburg
Confession than to our Thirty-nine Articles. Its chief
characteristic in comparison with similar books was the
citation of many passages from the Fathers, especially in
the two sacramental articles (2) On sacraments in general,
and (7) On the Lord s Supper, which occupied nearly half
the book. As regards the word sacrament, the book recog
nized the ancient broad use of the term, but named and
discussed baptism and the Lord s Supper as the two prin
cipal sacraments of the New Testament. In one place
(Art. 2, , p. 206) it spoke of penance as one which might
be added to them, and indeed as being a sort of quasi-
baptism, or part of baptism. This treatment of penance as
a sacrament was indeed very much in the line of the Augs
burg Confession, in which it ranges with the other two in
the series of sacramental chapters.
60
The Nova Ordinantia was far from being an attack on
the
"
Church Order
"
of 1571, and, in fact, it speaks of the
late archbishop in laudatory terms. It was rather a
development of part of it in the direction of patristic tradi
tion, with a return in some degree to the old system of
chapters and convents, in somewhat new forms. It spoke
strongly against transubstantiation, the withdrawal of the
cup, the sacrifice of the mass, compulsory private confes
sion, and enumeration of all sins, and the cultus of the
saints, while it
recognized the marriage of the clergy (Art.
17). It restored (as I have said) the rite or ceremony of
50
They are discussed in chapters 9, 10, n, 12 of a series ex
tending from 7 to 13 inclusive, and they are the only three which
are discussed. In section 7 of the Apologia Confessionis
we read:
"
Vere igitur sunt Sacramenta, Baptismus, Ccena
Domini, Absolutio, quae est Sacramentum poenitentise. Nam hi
ritus habent mandatum Dei et promissionem gratia?, qua? est
propria novi Testament!."
16
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