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i2. JOHN III. AND THE LITURGY. 243
i). Prayer and laying on of hands suffice for consecra
tion, but the use of mitre and staff have been of long time in
use, and are approved, though not of the substance of
ordination (ibid. 2).
As regards the personnel of the Church the book pro
vided in each cathedral learned priests to help the bishop,
having the following officers : A provost, to act as his
deputy; a dean, to overlook all schools, examine candi
dates and act as secretary to the chapter and keep the
records of the legal proceedings committed to it ;
an arch
deacon, who may be also theological lecturer and public
penitentiary. Besides these there should be a pastor,
schoolmaster and steward (ceconomus) (Art. 12). Their
chaplains were to sing daily evensong and mattins
(ottesang) in the cathedrals with the
"
deacons."
As regards the monasteries, it was decreed that, though
no life-vows were to be taken, convents which still existed
were to be restored as refuges for aged and incapable priests,
and for others who have no desire for the world, and for
old matrons and maidens who have no desire or suitability
for marriage. The inmates of the cloisters were to live in
retirement and devotion, and should occupy themselves
with the education of children. At least one cloister was
to be found in each diocese (Art. 20, pp. 348-9).
Nothing was said in this Ordinantia as to the use of
unction in the consecration of a bishop. In fact, we are
told that it was one of the points proposed and rejected, to
gether with extreme unction and prayers for the dead at
their burial (Anjou :
p. 468). But, in July of the same
year, King John (following the precedent of his father)
insisted upon it in the consecration of the new archbishop
and two others. This was an arbitrary act which naturally
aroused suspicion of further changes in prospect, and sus
picion was changed into conviction by the unfortunate
publication of the new Liturgy or Red-book of 1576, with
out any Church authority. Had the king been satisfied
with the ground covered by the Nova Ordinantia, or even
introduced his Liturgy in a deliberate and ecclesiastical
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