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through the Ural mountains and the province of Ufa, the
construction of which does not permit such an increased
traffic as would satisfy the requirements of the export of
goods from Siberia.
From Europe to Siberia the goods traffic is not so
great, but that of ordinary passengers and emigrants is
enormous. A great number of adventurers and
fortune-seekers from all parts of Russia and from foreign countries
are coming with the new railroad to the new country,
but their number, large though it be, is insignificant in
comparison with the immense flood of emigrants which the
chronic famine in Russia is sending to Siberia. And these
emigrants—the only persons who go to Siberia to stay
there and cultivate the immense country—must, every one
of them, stop at Tschelàbinsk to show their passports and
other documents proving that they have received legal
permission to emigrate. The other travellers to Siberia,
who go there only to exploit the country and return
again with their booty, are allowed to pass on without
any requirements of this kind. Large barracks in the form
of blockhouses, and also a temporary hospital and “people’s
kitchen,” have been erected in the neighbourhood of the
station, to provide for the emigrants at this their point
de départ for the promised land.
Emigration to Siberia has increased immensely since the
opening of the western section of the railway. As is well
known, Siberia was peopled mainly by enforced
colonisation until the close of 1850, when voluntary emigrants
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