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number passing the borders of Siberia. Even the figures
obtained by the general census have in many cases proved
untrustworthy, on account of the great difficulty experienced
in getting satisfactory returns in the distant parts of the
country.
Let us glance for a moment at a few of the facts obtained
by recent investigations. According to these, the entire
number of prisoners sent to Siberia from the beginning of the
exile system until now amounts, in round numbers, to one
million—the relatives of prisoners who have accompanied
them into exile included. Even if great allowances be made,
this million ought to have increased somewhat, or the
number ought at least to have been kept up. But what
are the facts?
The general director of prisons, A. P. Salomon, having
spent several months in Siberia investigating the system,
has recently published a report, from which I may quote
the following figures. According to his estimate, the
number of exiles and their relatives living at the present
moment in Siberia amounts, in round figures, to some
300,000, of whom about 100,000 are “brodyagi”
(runaway prisoners), 100,000 “proletarians,” 70,000 labourers
without land, 30,000 settled labourers, and “only 4500
giving reason for hoping that they will become assimilated
with the older population.” These figures speak for
themselves as to the result of the exile system through its three
centuries of existence. A detailed description of the
conditions which have brought them about need not be given
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