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neutralization of Belgium was threatened with
violation by France, and further guarantees were
given in new protocols arranged by England.
The Neutralization of the Archduchy
of Luxemburg resulted from the London
protocol of May 11th, 1867.
As an evidence of the power and importance
in our day of entering into agreements of
neutrality, the following may be adduced:—
During the Franco-German war, 1870–1, the
Prussian Government complained to the
guaranteeing powers of conduct at variance with
neutrality on the part of Luxemburg, and
threatened no longer to respect the neutrality
of the Archduchy. (Despatch of Prince
Bismarck, Dec. 3rd, 1870.)
In consequence of this, Count Beust, the
Austrian chancellor, in an opinion given Dec.
22nd of the same year, remarked, that upon the
ground of the principle of European guarantee,
it belonged to the powers who had signed the
document of neutralization, to inquire into and
to settle whether a violation had taken place on
the part of the neutral State, and not to one of
the belligerent powers.[1]
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