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RUSSIA AND PEACE
56
l.
\
I
interest to give the following statistics of the
number of ships belonging to various companies
which have been plying on the Volga and Kama,
in the Astrakhan Government :
Probable
No. in 1923.
Passenger boats in use 86
Passenger boats in reserve . .
Tugs in use
35
6o
Tugs in disrepair 8o
The restoration of inland navigation to full work-
ing order would exercise a great influence on the
general economic condition of the country; but it
would demand a large expenditure of capital.
As regards maritime transport, Russia, as we
know, lost the greater part of her mercantile marine
during her foreign and civil wars. There is con-
sequently a great shortage of ships, and in 1921
and 1922 Russia was obliged to charter foreign
tonnage at high prices.
The Soviet Government has made great efforts
to improve the harbours, which were partially
destroyed or damaged during the war and the
revolution . I
Important export harbours had been lost. Reval
had gone to Esthonia, and Riga, Libau and Windau
had gone to Latvia. Russia has done strenuous
work in improving the ports of Petrograd, Novo-
rossisk, Odessa, and several lesser ports in the
Black Sea.
In the course of its work since the autumn of
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