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RUSSIA’S TRANSPORT SERVICES 67
B*s million in 1922, and most of the new ones could
not be impregnated. (The number of sleepers
impregnated in the State factories was only
100,000 in 1 91 9, but it rose in 1920 to 293,000,
in 1 92 1 to 423,000, and in 1922 to 940,000.)
Even though the station outfits, signal-wires and
poles, which were in a bad state in 1920, were
largely improved, the rails of the lighter type were
a good deal worn, and compelled the trains to
run at reduced speed.
Despite the efforts to make the working as
economical as was at all possible, there was two
and a half times as much fuel used per kilometre
in 1922 as in 191 2. It is true that the output
of work by the very badly paid personnel has
increased in comparison with 1921, but it has not
risen to even one-half of what it Was before the
war. And if we put the quantity of goods trans
ported in 191 3 at 100, the quantity transported
since 191 9 does not exceed the following per
centages : in 1919= 17 per cent. ; in 1920= 20
per cent.; in 1921 and 1922 =22 per cent.
Finally there is a very important difficulty of
which Dzershinsky is very well aware, and which
he has energetically fought against ever since 1920,
but which he is unfortunately very far from having
got in hand. This is the theft which goes on on a
vast scale during the railway transport of the goods.
I must here, however, interpolate the remark
that of the goods we have sent to relieve the
famine, remarkably little has on the whole been
stolen, whether this be due to the fact that Red
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