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numbered about two hundred war ships beside
transports and boats. Harald Hardrádi came as if
certain of conquest, bringing his queen, his daughters,
and his son Olaf, beside his treasure, including a mass
of gold which twelve strong youths could hardly carry.
But one thing he forgot to bring with him—the invitation
which had assured to others of his race a
welcome from their kindred in England.
In the Orkneys he found this welcome from his
island subjects, with whom he left his queen and
daughters, while he took south among his host the
two young jarls Paul and Erlend. On the Tyne
Tosti met him with a contingent raised in Flanders
and in Scotland ; the king of Man also sent help,
with others of the Viking states in Ireland and the
Isles. The great fleet ravaged Cleveland, destroyed
Scarborough, harried Holderness, and sailed up the
Humber and the Ouse to Riccall, where the ships
were left under Olaf, the king’s son, Paul and Erlend,
and the bishop of Orkney (probably Thórólf, a Norwegian ;
Orkney not being at that time under the see
of York). Their advance had been rapid, but by this
time Eadwine and Mórkári had called out the fyrd,
and were marching out of York. The armies met at
Fulford, Wednesday, September 20, and the English
were routed with great slaughter. On the Sunday,
York surrendered, promising to receive Harald
Hardrádi as king, and he on his side is said to have
given hostages equal in number to those he received.
York was not sacked, and the army passed by it
to Stamford Bridge, where hostages for the rest of
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