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Round’s Feudal England, p. 465), and the Scandinavian
character of Chester is shown by the fact that
it was ruled by "lawmen," as were the Five Boroughs.
A second Norse colony, of which we have no historical
record, must have existed north of the Mersey.
Thingwall, east of Liverpool, would be a convenient
centre for a number of places with names such as Roby,
(West) Derby, Kirkby, Crosby, Formby, Kirkdale,
Toxteth (Stockestede in Domesday) and Croxteth (not
staithes, being inland), Childwall (Cildeuuelle, Kelduvellir),
Diglake, Harbreck, Ravensmeols, Ormskirk,
Altcar (Acrer), Carrside, Cunscough (Skogr), Skelmersdale
(Schelmeresdele, Skálmýrrsdalr). Of forty-five
place-names in West Derby Hundred mentioned in
Domesday, five are Anglo-Saxon and ten are Scandinavian ;
the rest might be interpreted in either dialect.
In the remainder of South Lancashire all the names in
Domesday are Anglo-Saxon, but there are only twelve
altogether, for the land was partly waste at the time
and partly free from assessment. Hence, when we
look at the map, we can recognise a great number of
Norse names which do not appear in Domesday : some,
no doubt, were later settlements and owe their Scandinavian
form to the persistence of the dialect, but
many must be original. Of the persons named in the
survey, three of the landowners in West Derby have
Scandinavian names ; three more are probably Scandinavian,
whilst seven are Anglo-Saxon. In Warrington six "drengs"
have Norman names, and one Scandinavian ;
but the word "dreng" itself is Scandinavian,
and the tenure indicates the survival of old relations
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