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OFITCIAL MAPS.
201
landsnrveyors, dates from 1628. In course of time the scope of the
duties of public landsnrveyors has been restricted, all the different
kinds of maps above mentioned, with the exception of the geometrical,
having been transferred to the care of other officials.
In 1900 the staff of public surveyors numbered 216, with an
additional of 333 assistant surveyors. They are distributed throughout the
country, and landowners can employ the surveyors of the first class for
any surveying work which they require to have done. As a rule, such
work must be paid for in full, or at any rate nearly so, by the
employer.
The chief duty of public landsurveyors is the legal allotment of
the land (Laga skifte), especially that of the larger villages, where
every peasant had a number of small lots, which one is trying to unite
into larger or even into a single lot to each. In Norrland, where
equitable partitioning of land is also carried out as in the rest of the
country, there is also a special kind of the same sort of work that
devolves upon public landsurveyors, viz. delimitation of the Crown
forests (Afvittring), whereby arable tracts within the former boundaries
of the forest are excluded and entrusted to private owners; this work
is now attaining its completion. (In the chapter on Agriculture further
notice is taken of the partitions here mentioned).
For Surveyors’ Maps the usual scale is 1 to 4,000 (for arable land); scales
of 1 to 2,000 (for building-lots) and of 1 to 8,000 (for forest land) are also
sanctioned by law. The Surveyors’ Maps together with the detailed descriptions
of the characters of each land-area afford a conspectus of the amount of arable,
meadow-and forest land etc. in the possession of each landowner. The originals
in both cases (maps and descriptions) are deposited in the Public Surveyors’
Office of each Län, while copies are handed over, not only to the owners, but
also to the Central Public Surveyors’ Office in Stockholm.
The large eollection of these maps — contributions to which have been
coining in from all parts of the kingdom for quite 270 years — forms (together
with such Economic Maps as are extant) an approximate counterpart to the
institution in other countries termed Cadastre (Doomsday-Book). It should,
however, be remembered that, as it is not obligatory to the landowner to have
Surveyors’ Maps drawn, there are many estates for which maps are wholly
wanting, or, if extant, are of very ancient date. Public registers of land, or lists of
all estates, embracing assessment standards (»mantal») or other ancient bases of
taxation from all parts of the country, are kept in the offices of the
Kammarkollegium in Stockholm, while the same information as regards each län is also
found in the records of the Län Administration.
B) The General Map Department (Rikets allmänna kartverk) as
constituted in 1894, is an amalgamation of two still existing Survey
and Map Offices, viz. that for Economic Maps and that for Topographic
Maps, both of which since 1873 have been placed under the supervision
of the Head of the Topographic Section of the Army General Staff.
The work of this section is done partly by staff officers and other
military men* partly by civilians.
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