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206 III. CONSTITUTION AND ADMINISTRATION OF SWEDEN.
TABLE 33. Specification of the National Expenditure.
Expenditure. (A krona = l’lo shilling). In 1870. Kronor. In 1880. Xronor. In 1890. Kronor. In 1900. Xronor.
TJnder the nine Heads.1
I. Civil List..........................................................1,417,000 1,218,000 1,320,000 1,420,000
II. Dep:t of Justice..........................................2,801,092 3,865,862 3,958,670 4,103,234
III. Dep:t of Foreign affairs..................635,311 626.340 608,614 971,755
IY. Dep:t of Land defense........................10,385,160 18,320,868 21,744,775 39,396,506
V. Dep:t of Naval defense......................5,974,035 6,284.424 8,261,047 18,622,244
VI. Dep:t of Home affairs........................4,121,216 5,709,015 6,663,912 11,528,674
VII. Dep:t oY Finance......................................7,727,854 16.176,558 17,522,326 28,631,143
VIII. Dep:t of Eccles. affairs.......... 5,360,920 10,958,782 14,400,144 19,253,046
IX. Pensions............................... 1,983,585 3,336,552 4,822,653 5,890.495
Other Expenditure.
State Hallways1..........................................................— — 2,400,000 8,170,000
National Debt8..............................................................5,675,438 10,571,973 10,271,125 8,564,702
Other*......................................................................................1,544,168 1,236,145 1,756,964 4,522.307
Total 47,623,779 78,304,149 93,730,230 131,074,106 j
The State Revenues are also divided into »ordinary» and
»extraordinary» ones (the latter also called Bevillningar), which names are
rather misleading though: the only difference being that the former are
regarded as unalterable without the consent of Government. In former
times, the ordinary revenues were the more considerable; now they
constitute only about 20 % of the total.
A) Among so-called ordinary revenues, the first to be noticed is
the yield from State property. Of this, the agricultural demesnes are
for the most part let out on lease, and fetch the rents given in Table
34. Woods and forests, on the other hand, are managed directly by
the State. That is the case, too, with the State Railways and Telegraphs,
the income from them being classed among the ordinary revenues (while
that from the post-office service belongs to the »extraordinary»). Another
item of ordinary revenue are the Lighthouse and Beaconage Dues.
The great increase of revenue from rents between 1870 and 1880 is
accounted for by the fact that, during this period, a number of civil servants began
to receive their stipends solely in money, in lieu of residence rent free, their
official residences being let out on lease. That the amount has since decreased
is due, partly to a fall of rents and partly to the fact that a number of small
crown estates were disposed of, forest land being in many places purchased
instead. — The great increase in the revenue from forests has resulted, partly
from the increased area of the State forests, partly from a more systematic
management of them, partly also from improved means of communication, and
from the exceptionally favourable state of timber trade in the markets of the
1 From 1901 the >Heads> are ten, the new Department of Agriculture forming the
ninth, and the Pensions the tenth. — ’ For construction and new rolling stock. Borrowed
capital is not here included. — * Compare note 3 on page 205. — 4 For the year 1900:
expenses for the Riksdag and its Offices, 733,423 kronor; to the Fund for insurance
of workmen, against accidents etc., 237,392 kronor; to the Fund for insurance of workmen
against invalidity 1,400,000 kronor; etc.
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