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IV. EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE IN SWEDEN.
English philology have not in any marked degree heen furthered by Swedish
scholars, although the Swedish custom of »speciminating» for the vocation of a
teacher, has called forth quite a number of treatises on the subject. Of the
more noted among authors in this branch of philology may be mentioned
Professors A. Erdmann (born 1843; »über die Heimat und den Namen der Ängeln»),
A. E. Wadstein (born 1861; »Kleinere altsächsische Sprachdenkmftler»), and
E. Björkman (born 1872; Scandinavian Loan-Words in Middle English).
Gothic has had especial reason to be cherished in Sweden from the
circumstance that in our country the most important monument of this language is
preserved — the so-called Codex argenteus in Uppsala. Verelius, and after him Ihre,
were already busy with this work, but not till an excellent edition of it got
published by A. Uppström (1806/65), was it presented in a form to satisfy the
requirements of research. — Indo-Germanic comparative philology has
nowadays a number of successful students in Sweden, as Professor E. Tegnér, Jun.
(»The palatals of the Arian languages»); O. A. Danielsson (born 1852). who
has more especially treated the Greek and Italian languages, and at present is
occupied with the edition of a Corpus inscriptionum etruscarum; K. F.
Johansson (born 1860), who has been active in a great many branches of his science;
P. Persson (born 1857; »Studien zur Lehre von der Wurzelerweiterung und
Wurzelvariation»); and E. Lidén (born 1862; »Zur altindischen Wortforschung
und Formenlehre»).
In the department of Oriental languages the following deserve to be
mentioned: K. J. Tornberg (1807/77), celebrated as the editor of important original
Arabic authors; O. E. Tullberg (1802/53; Syrian manuscripts) E. Tegnér, Jun.
(comparative phonology); U. N. Almkvist (born 1839; Hamitic languages, rabbinic
literature, and vulgar Arabic); and Count C. Landberg (born 1848; Arabic
manuscripts and modern dialects). Prominent among egyptologists stands Professor
K. Piehl (born 1853), the founder and present editor of the periodical called
»Sfinx». As a student of Finnish-Ugrian philology Dr. K. B. Wiklund (born
1868; »Entwurf einer urlappischen Lautlehre») has attracted special notice.
Classical studies have mainly taken a practical pedagogic direction. Of
those engaged on real research who have attained to any greater significance, there
have consequently been but few. Among these are noticed Professors Kr.
Ca-vallin (1831/90), lexicographer, text critic, C. M. Zander (born 1845), tert
critic, metrician, and O. A. Danielsson (inscriptions, meter).
During the last decades Romanology has, in Sweden, had reason to
congratulate itself on a very considerable number of able advocates, who especially
have received impulses from the Frenchman Gaston Paris. Old French has been
the central subject; edition of texts, the principal achievement of our Romanic
scholars. The following have been conspicuous as leaders: Dr. H. von Feilitzen
(1854/87; editor of Old French texts), Professors P. A. Geijer (born 1841),
C. W. Wahlund (born 1846; editor of Old French and earlier Modern French
texts, and known as the owner of a very extensive collection of Romanic works),
P. J. Vising (born 1855; scholar of syntax, specialist in Anglo-Norman), and
F. A. Wulff (born 1845; metrician, editor of Old French and Spanish texts,
and interpreter of a delicate perception as regards the works of Dante and
Petrarch). As Hispanologist V. E. Lidforss (born 1833) has made himself
known. A rare ability of grasping and judging of even the most delicate
shades of style in a foreign language has been displayed by Dr. G. E. Rodhe
(born 1863), among other works, in his much noted pamphlet against the French
decree concerning orthography and syntax. — Sclavonic philology has been
neglected in Sweden; it ought, however, to be mentioned, as a glimpse of
light, that this science has, since 1891, been represented at the University of
Uppsala.
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