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DAIRIES AND DAIRY-FARMING.
575
Dairy-work is carried on principally in the provinces south of the river
Dalelfven, the districts most extensively engaged being Skåne, Södermanland, the
LUns of Skaraborg, Östergötland, Halland, Vestmanland, and the Läns of Örebro
and Stockholm. Butter is the chief product. Upwards of i/t of the total output
of butter are made in Skåne; if that produced in the Läns of Halland and
Blekinge be added to it, an amount is reached of over V* of the total output for
the country.
The manufacture of cheese is also
carried on to a considerable extent in
many of the same districts. For the
production of richer cheeses the Län
of Skaraborg takes the first place, over
1/s of the total output coming from
that province; then come the Läns
of Malmöhus, Södermanland,
Östergötland, and those of Vesterbotten and
Vesternorrland, all of these districts
producing over 200,000 kilograms each.
The making of skim-milk cheese goes
on chiefly in Södermanland and in the
Län of Skaraborg, each producing about
the same quantity, and together over
V» of the total quantity; then come
the Läns of Östergötland, Örebro,
Vestmanland, Malmöhus, and Elfsborg, each
with a production varying from 250,000
to 400,000 kilograms.
The amount of the production is
not, however, an accurate gauge of the
vigour with which dairy-work is
prosecuted in a given district; a better
result is obtained by taking account
for the district of the quantity of milk
per cow that is delivered to the dairies
for purposes of manufacture. The Län of Malmöhus stands first by this reckoning
too, with 1,610 kilograms per cow; then comes the Län of Kristianstad with
1,300 kilograms; then the Läns of Södermanland, Halland, Skaraborg,
Vestmanland, Stockholm, Östergötland, and Örebro with 500 to 980 kilograms; the Län of
Kronoberg and the Norrland Läns (with the exception of the Läns of Gefleborg
and Norrbotten) do not reach 100 kilograms per cow.
A) Butter-making Dairies. Butter is produced almost exclusively
from the cream obtained by skimming milk, the skimming being, in
the majority of places, effected by the use of separators; in some places,
however, creaming by the ice-method is still retained.
Not until after 1840 was any systematic skimming of milk instituted in the
country. In that year (1840) R. Tornérhjelm established, on his estate at
Geds-holm in Skåne, a dairy on the so-called Holstein system or pan-method, engaging
at the same time dairy-attendants from Holstein to work it. The method,
however, never won any large number of adherents, and the same is true of that
discovered by P. U. Gussander (1793/1871), which was hardly adapted for
dairy-work on a large scale at all. In certain respects, however, the last-mentioned
method has had an influence on the history of dairying in the country, more
especially by its adoption for dairy purposes of vessels and implements made of
J. G. Schwartz.
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