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582
VI. AGRICDLTURE AND CATTLE-BREEDING OF SWEDEN.
Exports of Natural butter.1
Measurement of and Payment for Milk. In most of the large dairies
at the present day, milk is weighed, the quantity being registered by
the kilogram; on the other hand, when sold as human food, milk is
measured by the liter in almost all cases. The payment made for milk
is almost always dependent on the price of butter, though the system
of payment according to the percentage of fatty matter in the milk
has been adopted in several dairies.
This system, however, could not be used until instruments for determining,
on a large scale, tie amount of fat in the milk had been brought to perfection.
These were forthcoming in the lactocrite, invented by G. de Laval and first used
in 1886, and in the butyrometer, of which Ivar Lindström was the originator,
and which was put on the market by the Separator Company in 1891. The
last-mentioned apparatus is the one most used at present. To facilitate the
calculation of prices as they vary, the Swedish Dairy Experts’ Association
has had Tables published month by month since 1895, based on the percentages
of fat and on the butter prices. To further this juster method of payment,
certain of the Agricultural Societies have sought to afford dairies opportunities
for having their milk tested by the institution of Offices for Milk analyst*
(cf. page 604). Moreover, in several of the chemical institutions milk-testing
is very largely undertaken.
1 In 1899 the exports were but 20 6 million, and in 1900, 1901, and 1902 resp. 192.
18 8, and 20 o million kilograms.
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