Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 3. Hides, Skins, and Hair - Tanneries
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hides, skins, and hair. 811
Table 125. Imports and exports of Hides and Skins.8
Averages for the years Leather. Quintals. Other dressed1 Hides k Skins. Quintals. Undressed Hides. Quintals. Fur-goods. Valne In thousands ol Kronor.
Imports. Exports. Imports. Exports. Imports. Exports. Imports. Exports.
1861/65........... 1,386 11 315 29 25,342 2,540
1866 70.......... 1,879 202 357 9 23,229 6,119
1871/75........... 6,426 295 1,044 18 36,595 6,737 669 141
1876 80........... 15,007 938 1,472 70 20,227 8,860 504 119
1881/85........... 20,256 818 2,044 40 24,648 13,779 700 82
1886/90........... 20,178 355 2,678 48 28,848 17,982 1,159 128
1891/95........... 24,613 1,047 4,427 105 30,756 20,171 1,652 534
1896/00........... 25,720 61 6,955 142 46,385 35,264 2,575 445
In 1900.......... 17,330 39 4,909 102 50,502 48,335 2,542 200
strata of the leather. Consequently, although the quality of the
leather is considered to be improved by bark-tanning, other agencies
have been tried with a view of hastening the process; the chief of
these are certain extracts containing a large percentage of tannic acid;
if they are employed with water, a very much more effective solution
is obtained. Attempts have also been made to accelerate the
absorption of the tanning agent by passing an electric current through the
leather and the tanning solution.
Besides bark-tanning there are other methods: tawing, in which
advantage is taken of the property of alum salts to enter into a
protective combination, just like tannic acid, with the gelatinous ingredient
in hides; tawing is employed specially for glove-skins; further shammy
or oil-tawing; in this process fat or train-oil is the tanning agent; the
shammy leather resulting is much prized on account of its soft woollike
texture especially for gloves, riding breeches, jackets, etc. - Tanning
is carried on in many places as a handiwork, and hence the real
number of tanneries is far greater than the figure given on p. 810.
Tanning is among the industries that in our country have had the greatest
struggle to keep pace with the changes having occurred in modern times in the
conditions of industry. New methods and machines do not appear to have been
introduced to any great extent. In 1871/75, the annual turnout of sole-leather
and insole-leather was estimated at a value of nearly 5 million kronor; in
1886/90, this figure had gone down to little more than I1/» million kronor.
Since that time, there has been another rise (perhaps partly due to more accurate
data), the turnout for 1900 being worth 6"4 2 million kronor. The turnout of
other kinds of leather has kept up better, a tolerably even increase being
noticeable through the last thirty years, from 2 million to 4 million kronor. In quantity
the turnout in 1900 was 28,160 quintals of sole and insole leather and 15,683
quintals of other kinds. The largest tannery is Lundin1 s in Stockholm;
otherwise Malmö, Sölvesborg, Gefle, Lund, Simrishamn, and Landskrona seem to be
the main centers of the leather industry. — In Table 125 will be found the
amounts of imported and exported leather, etc. Undressed hides are imported
1 Not referable to furs. — * A quintal = 197 cwts. A krona = 1’10 shilling.
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