Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 4. Oils, Tar, India-rubber, and kindred commodities - Tar and Kindred Substances - Carbolic Acid, Creosote, etc. - India-Rubber
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
oils, tar, india-rubber, and kindred commodities.
815
northerly Läns, where it is carried on as a domestic industry. Figures for the
export in recent times are given in the Table on page 667. The manufacture
appeared, in the returns for factories of 1900, as only equivalent to 216,000 kronor;
that figure does not, however, include the tar prepared by those who only distil
it on a small scale as a domestic industry.
About the year 1870, a number of wood-oil factories sprang up, the
purpose of which was to turn to advantage the stumps of coniferous trees, left behind
when the timber is felled and removed. By means of dry distillation, certain
products were obtained from these stumps and other pinewood, such as tar, oil
of wood-tar, wood-oil, etc. Of these, wood-oil is the most valuable, possessing,
as it does, certain of the chemical properties of turpentine oil; it has not,
however, proved possible to get rid of the burnt smell attaching to wood-oil, and
consequently its production is carried on with but little success. In 1900, there
were 6 small establishments manufacturing this commodity.
The manufacture of coal-tar is dealt with below, under chemic-technical
industries.
Carbolic Acid, Creosote, etc.
From the destillation of coal-tar a number of different products are obtained,
among others, several substances which form the basis of the manufacture of aniline
colours, viz.: benzole and its homologues, aniline, phenol (carbolic acid),
naphthaline, anthracene, chinoline, etc. The preparation of colours, artificial medicines,
etc. from these substances gives rise to an extensive and profitable industry in
some other countries. In Sweden, distillation of coal-tar occurs for the fabrication
of only a few products, such as carbolic acid and oils used for the preservation
of wood (called carbolineum), naphthaline, asphalt-varnish, and asphalt-tar. That
this industry has not made more progress in Sweden than is the case at present,
may perhaps be due to the preponderating attention devoted to inorganic chemistry
at the expense of organic.
India-Rubber.
India-rubber is manufactured chiefly in three different forms: as pure
india-rubber, vulcanized india-rubber, and as ebonite. Pure india-rubber is soft and
elastic and finds employment in the production of india-rubber sheets, pipes,
gloves, etc., chiefly for surgical purposes. Vulcanized india-rubber is used, partly
by itself, partly with an insertion of a strong woven material, for tubes, tires,
straps, etc. Ebonite is a kind of india-rubber vulcanized by a special process;
it is used for many purposes by reason of its great power of effecting electrical
isolation and its property of resisting the action of acids. Galoshes consist
primarily of a woven material covered with a thin coating of weakly vulcanized
guttapercha or india-rubber. The use of india-rubber goods increases year by
year; india-rubber galoshes have become a well-nigh indispensable article of wear
for a large proportion of the inhabitants of the country, even for those who are
not well off. The popularity of bicycling has occasioned a very great consumption
of india-rubber tires.
Since 1890, there exist a number of Swedish factories for the
manufacture of galoshes, and they have been able to compete successfully with those
abroad. Of the ten india-rubber manufactories in the country, the largest are
those in Helsingborg and at Svaneholm near Borås, which also turn out galoshes.
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
