Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 8. Manufactures of Stone, Clay, Charcoal, and Peat - Charcoal - Gas and Acetylene
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
manufactured goods of stone, clay, charcoal, and peat. 853
Charcoal.
The Swedish statistics of industry include in the group now under discussion
the manufacture also of charcoal; in 1900 there was as much as 28,223,380
hectoliters produced (a hectoliter = 3-s32 cubic feet), at an assessed value of
14,084,000 kronor. The total number of factories producing it was stated to
be 504, employing 7,645 hands. The greatest turnout was in the Kopparberg
Lan, its value being 3 million kronor; then came the Läns of Gefleborg,
Vesternorrland, and Örebro, each with a turnout valued at 1—3 million kronor. —
A detailed account of this manufacture has been given above (section: The Iron
and Steel industry).
Gas and Acetylene.
Gas was first used as an illuminant in Gothenburg in 1846, in
Norrköping in 1852, and in Stockholm in 1853. There were 27
gasworks in Sweden in 1900, employing 993 hands and manufacturing
44,698,606 cubic meters of gas (more than half of which was produced
at the Stockholm gasworks), and 93,312 quintals of coal-tar.* — The
annual consumption of gas in Stockholm for the five-year periods
1856/1900 has averaged 13m, 19m, 20m, 23-9, 30m, 35-2, 44*9, 56m, and
75-8 cubic meters per inhabitant. In 1900 it was as much as 85-s. In
Gothenburg and Malmö the figures for 1898 were 35 and 48 respectively.
Gasworks have as a rule been originated by private companies,
but the towns have reserved to themselves the right of taking them
over after a certain number of years. In the large towns the gasworks
form a very appreciable source of income (that of Stockholm in 1901
yielded a profit of nearly ls/s million kronor). Besides being used as an
illuminant and a heating agent in domestic cooking, gas is employed
as a driving power in gas motors. These motors are exceedingly
convenient and easily managed, especially when a power not exceeding
ten horse-power is required.
As already mentioned above, gas is now used as a kind of fuel in households
(there are about 40,000 gas stoves in use in Stockholm alone); occasionally
also in those industrial establishments where an even and easily regulated heat
is required, what is called generator-gas is made use of, the fuel, preferably coal,
being transformed into gas before being used as, a heating agent. Water-gas,
used so much abroad, especially in America, has not yet been at all generally
introduced into Sweden, though now that C. A. Dellwik, a Swede, has discovered
an economical method of producing it, it is likely to gain favour.
The eoal-tar produced at the large gas-works is used to make asphalte,
carbolic acid, creosote and other oils, which are used for impregnating wood and
paste-board. For the figures of the import and export of coal-tar see Table 92,
page 667, and for the manufacture of coke see page 713. — It has not proved
remunerative to preserve the sulphur present in the composition used to purify
gas; the ammonia, on the other hand, that is given off in the process, is
collected at some of the larger gasworks, chiefly in the form of sulphate of ammonia.
♦ A cubic meter = 35’32 cubic feet. A quintal = 197 cwts.
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
