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926
XI. COMMERCE! OF SWEDEN.
estimated to high, at the expense of the more distant ones. This is
even to an unusually high degree the case as regards Swedish commerce,
in which England and the German Empire, and partly also Denmark,
still serve as intermediaries for the commerce with more remote places.
A survey of our commerce with other countries since 1861 is given
in Table 133 (p. 925). As will be apparent at once, Great Britain and Ireland
have been of the greatest importance to us in this respect during the
whole period. For some time, even more than half of our total exports
went to this country; during the last quinquenniums the proportion has,
however, decreased. It may here be remarked that a considerable part
of our exports to Denmark in reality are exports to England through
Denmark as an intermediary. — Half a century ago England was not
by far of such significance as a market for our products as has been
the case during the last few decades, especially through the vivid
development of our timber trade.
Our exports to Great Britain and Ireland consist of unwrought
timber, paper, wood-pulp, joinery, glass, matches, butter, rolled bars,
other iron and steel, etc. The imports from Great Britain consist
of coal and coke, cotton, wool, shoddy, woolen yarn, cotton vara,
and thread, oils, iron and steel, copper, machinery, vessels and
boats, leather, etc. If due consideration be given to the Swedish
export passing through Danish parts, it will be found that nearly all
the butter and pork we are able to dispose of, and the greater
portion of our iron, steel, and timberware, goes to England. On the
other hand, we take from this country almost all the fossil coal
imported in Sweden, the greatest part of leather purchased, and the greater
part of the raw materials for spinning purposes, to which is added a
great number of diverse articles of minor importance.
Our exports to the German Empire consist of unwrought timber,
joinery, stone, matches, iron-ore, bar-iron, other iron and steel, herring,
etc. The imports consist of coffee, tobacco, hops, pork, wheat and rye.
seed, wool, colours, paints and dyeing materials, cotton, woollen goods,
silk goods, clothes, hides, fertilizers, iron and steel, machinery, copper, etc.
Germany, with which country we have stood in the closest
mercantile relationship ever since the days of the Hanseatic League, is
of importance to us principally for the considerable imports from this
country, partly of articles of nutrition or indulgence (the greatest part of
our imports of wheat as well as a considerable part of rye, the greatest part
of coffee and tobacco, and nearly all the hops consumed at our breweries),
partly of raw materials for the textile industry (nearly as much wool
and more jute than from Great Britain), and finally of a great number
of manufactures, first and foremost articles of clothing, besides numerous
products of the first-class metal and chemical industries of Germany.
Exports to Denmark embrace unwrought timber, butter, pork,
earthenware, bar-iron, iron and steel manufactures, etc. On the other hand,
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