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COMMERCIAL LEGISLATION.
939
sale concerns, together with the Correspondence involved therewith, in the Theory
of Commerce, in German, English, and French, together with German and English
Commercial Correspondence, and in Stenography. The school derives a grant of
14,000 kronor from the city of Stockholm, and in addition, small grants of
altogether 3,900 kronor from the State, the Parishes of Stockholm, and the Stockholm
Workmen’s Association (Arbetareföreningen). — At Gothenburg the Association for
the Advance of Commercial Knowledge has instituted an Evening School, that
makes use of the rooms of the Commercial College and employs partially the same
teachers. There are between 200 and 300 pupils. The subjects taught are
Bookkeeping, Commercial Arithmetic, German and English (together with Correspondence)
and Calligraphy.
Commercial Legislation.
The regulations in force concerning the carrying on of trade are to be found
in the Royal Ordinance of June 18, 1864. Any and every one has
unconditional liberty of carrying round for sale necessaries of life, agricultural and farm
produce, and the productions of Swedish domestic industry. Anyone who has
announced his intention of carrying on manufacture, or a practical trade, has likewise
a right to carry round for sale, either in his own person, in that of his wife, or
of anyone of his children living at home, the articles of his own manufacture, it
being, however, neccessary for the person so doing to have with him a legitimation
certificate as to his person (Prästbetyg) and a certificate issued by the proper authority
concerning the character of the trade pursued by the one in whose behalf the
goods are offered for sale. Furthermore, there is ftill liberty with regard to trade
at fairs.
In other respects, Swedish man or woman enjoys the right to carry on trade,
to export to and to import from foreign parts, and to transport goods from one
place to another within the country, under the conditions and restrictions
mentioned below.
For the right to carry on wholesale trade, or to sell goods in a shop, or
other store-house, it is necessary to be possessor of a good character (Fräjd),
to be one’s own master, have control of one’s property, and to apply in writing
for the right to do so to the Governor of the Län (in rural districts) or to
the Magistracy (in towns). Certificates with regard to the fulfilment of the
conditions named must be adjoined to the application. If application is made for
a firm in accordance with the regulations for such, the application is thereby
considered to be complete, in harmony with the general statutes concerning
the trade. The stipulation with regard to being one’s own master and having
control of one’s property is remitted in the following cases: in the case of a
married woman living with her husband; in that of person under age; in that of a
tradesman who is placed under trusteeship, — provided, however, that the
husband, or the trustee permits the business to be carried on and assumes
responsibility for the obligations of the wife or minor or ward respectively, in
connection therewith.
In certain cases, special permission for the carrying on of trade is requisite,
thus partly in cases where a tradesman desires to dispose, in a short space of
time, of a stock of commodities at some other place than the one where he has
applied for the right to carry on business, and in other manner than at a fair,
for instance by auction or by private sale (Clearance Sales), and partly where
a person desires to carry round articles for sale, either in his own person or in
that of another, otherwise than at a fair (Peddling). Together with the
application for such permission, written testimonies must be handed in, to the effect
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