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326 TEE 0 UGH NOE WA Y WITH LA DIES.
Thus, if the present distribution of land around
the North Pole and in the north temperate zones
were co-existent with the present astronomical
conditions of the southern hemisphere, the whole
of northern Europe, of the north of America, and
the north of Asia, would be as completely
glaciated as it was during the greatest of the tertiary
great ice ages—when the moraines were formed
upon which the cedars of Lebanon are growing,
and when the great table-land deserts of Gobi
and Shamo were covered with a Mediterranean
sea, that has left its salt upon them, and thus
sowed them with their present desolation.
With a circumpolar ocean to receive the glacial
outflow and limit its extension by the circulation
of its waters—the cold water descending and
flowing southwards, while an upper warmer
current brought the heat of the south to thaw the
ice-wall barrier—the northern hemisphere under
the coldest astronomical conditions would have a
milder glacier epoch, such as that which evidently
succeeded the more severe one, and which probably
corresponded with the formation of the little
glacier farms I have described, on the northern
coast of Norway.
August 28th.—We now descend the Fillefjeld,
still with the same horses, men, and boys, to Skog-
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