Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - XIV. Reign of Ulrica Eleonora and Frederick I, 1719–1751 - D. Administration of Arvid Horn - E. War with Russia, 1741–1743
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War with Russia 253
In the first place the war party had to win over a
majority of the Estates that met in a Riksdag in 1738;
for these could compel Horn to resign from his posi-
tion. The members were entreated and urged and
even bribed with free entertainments and money sup-
plied by Russia’s enemy, France. Abusive pamphlets
were circulated against the venerable and cautious
Horn and his party. The war party designated their
opponents as "Nightcaps/’ while they assumed the
name of "Hats." The hat had from of old been a sym-
bol of manliness and freedom. Thus arose the party
names of Hats and Caps, which maintained themselves
to the end of the Era of Liberty. By such methods did
the Hat party force Horn to retire. His friends in the
Council were dismissed, and Hats were appointed in
their places.
E. THE WAR WITH RUSSIA, 1741-1743
Rise of the War Spirit. A new period was ushered
in. The rest and peace which the land had enjoyed for
nearly twenty years had come to an end. Sweden was
now to become great and powerful again in one stroke.
The Hats had promised it. But the people were not
ready to take up the sword again. They did not yet
feel strong enough to engage in so dangerous a play.
But an event occurred shortly after the adjournment
of the Riksdag which aroused the people and kindled
their anger against Russia to white heat. The Estates
had sent a certain Major Malcolm Sinclair to Turkey
to negotiate an alliance with that country against
Russia. On his return home with important docu-
ments regarding the alliance, he was attacked in Sile-
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