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north may depend upon its outflow into the North Sea, a view which
later on is repeated by Nordenanckar.
The proofs of a higher water-level in former times advanced by
Swedenborg which have been reviewed above are all taken from Sweden,
except what he says concerning tlie formation of strata of salt. Bot in
the »Miscellanea Observata» he devotes a couple of chapters to the
con-ditions on the continent, which in his opinion furnish testimonies pointing
in the same direction.
One of these (Observatio de vegetabilibus petrificatis Leodii07) treats
of the presence of plant-fossils in a mountain near the cloister Chartreux
near Liége in Belgium. Swedenborg considers that the constitution of
the strata and the fossils enclosed in them demonstrate that the ocean
formerly stood at least a hundred ells (60 m.) above the present sea-level,
and so he supposes that the land with its plants was laid waste, the
plants being imbedded in the sand and clay. I shall further on return
to the plant-fossils, which belong to the coal measures, and of which
figur es are given in this connection. The second chapter, which is referred
to above, (Observatio de stratis ex conchilibus Aquisgrani68), treats of
the fossiliferous strata at Lousberg near Aix-la-Chapelle, which according
to Swedenborg’s estimation is situated hardly a hundred elLs (60 m.)
above the sea-level. In giving an account of the mountain he says
that more than ten of its various strata are formed by the shells of
molluscs, heaped up in such quantities that whole wagon loads of
them might be gathered. From the constitution of the strata and
fossils he draws the conclusion that they have undergone some change
by the influence of water and heat since they were deposited. In
passing he refers to the banks of shells in Bohuslän as a formation similar
to these fossiliferous strata, and on account of the presence of the fossils
lie comes to the conclusion that the ocean at Aix-la-Chapelle formerly
stood at about the heiglit of a hundred ells (60 m.). Swedenborg gives
figures of some fossils collected at Lousberg, which, as we now know,
belong to the cretaceous formation. I shall return to these also further on.
The trap in the mountains of Vestrogothia.
As early as 1719, in his treatisc On the Heiglit of Water, etc., in a
special chapter, (On the strata of greystone on top of limestone18),
Swe-Denborg expresses the opinion that the »greystone» which covers the
limestone at both Kinnekulle and Billingen, in which »fishes and insects
are concealed», must also have been deposited in the sea as »a fine
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