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on the contrary it is qnite solid and that the volcanoes, warm springs,
etc., can be much better explained by the supposition that certain parts
of the earth’s crust are hot or glowing.
On miseellaneous geological observations and views.
Swedenborg mentions31 that in Billingen, near Öglunda church, there
is found slate which might be used for slates, tables and the like. At
one place where two powerful springs flow from two beautiful ravines
there is a slate which is »hard like Swiss slate, which could be taken
away in any size desired and afterwards polished for whatever use it
might be needed. . . Just beside this place there is also a stream
which flows from the highest peak of Billingen with great force, andp
many miils are driven by it year in and year out. At this place a miil
might easily be established for polishing stones by means of the water».1
In a manuscript »Om åtskillig slags Jordmohner och Gyttior» it is
mentioned that in Rhyda parish in Vestrogothia there are three springs,
a short distance from the rectory, one with pure water, the second with
a small and the third with a great percentage of mineral water. Down below
the last named is a deposit of ochre, still lower down a swamp, in which
the mud (ochre) deposits itself at the bottom and becomes coal black.
The thickness of the mud is 1—4 »quarters» (15—60 cm.); and it rests
on fine white sand. The uppermost mud is used for dyeing black, and
produces »the most beautiful black». Mention is also made of blackish
fishes. These springs are also mentioned in passing in the chapter on
warm springs86 on account of the peculiarity that three such different
kinds of water could spring fortil from the same bed.
Another manuscript (read February o, 1720) treats of »Nya anledningar
til grufwors igenfinnande eller några än oopfundna grep til at opleta grufwor
och skatter, som i jorden diupt äro giömda». In the introduction a criticism
on extravagance is made: »What use is there of looking for new ores in a
land where so much is spent extravagantly ?»
Most of the mines have been discovered where the surface of the rock
has lain bare and the ore exposed, or by accident when the ground was
removed. Presumably, however, there still are great undiscovered riches in the
1 According to a kind communication from the State Geologist Dr. H. Muxthe,
the hard slate referred to by Swedenborg is evidently the flinty limestone stratum in
the lower part of the trinucleus schist at Offerkällan, which has been described by
Muxthe. Cf. Muxthe: Beskrifning till kartbladet Sköfde, pp. 41, 42. S. G. IL, Ser.
Aa, X:o 121. Stockholm 1905. See also Muxthe: De geologiska hufvuddragen af
Väst-götabergen och deras omgifning. Geol. Fören. Forhandl. 27 (1905).
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