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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - IV. Economics - 14. The Negro in Business, the Professions, Public Service and Other White Collar Occupations - 4. The Negro Teacher
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Chapter 14. The Negro in Business 319
Negro teaching profession are those of Negro education in general—
a
subject dealt with elsewhere in this book.* Where there are segregated
schools the Negro teacher has usually a complete monopoly on the jobs in
Negro schools.** Where schools are mixed, Negroes have difficulty in
getting in.
The Negro teacher in the segregated school has a heavier teaching load
than has the white teacher. In Southern elementary schools for Negroes
TABLE 3
Principal Groups of Negro Professional Workers: 1910 and 1930
Groups
Number of Negro
Workers
Negro Workers as a
Percentage of all
Workers
1910 1930 1910 1930
Teachers (school) 29.43* 54,439 4.9 5-2
Clergymen 17,495 25,034 14.8 16.8
Musicians and teachers ofmusic 5,606 10,583 4.0 6.4
IVained nurses ^^,433 5.587 3.0 1.9
Actors and showmen 2,345 4,130 4.8 5.5
Physicians, surgeons,
veterinaries 3,»99 3.939 2.0 2.4
College presidents and
professors 242 2,146 1.5 3.5
Dentists 478 *,773 1.2 2.5
Lawyers 779 *,*75 0.7 0.8
Source: Thirteenth Census of the United States: iQio, Population^ Vol. 4, pp. 428-431; and Fifteenth Census
of the United States: XQjo, Population, Vol. 5, pp. 574-576*
there were 43 pupils for every teacher in 1933-1934, as against a ratio of 34
in schools for white children.*® This means that 26 per. cent more Negro
teachers would be needed in Southern elementary and secondary schools
if the pupil load in Negro schools were to be brought down to the white
level. And the need would be even greater if differences in school attend-
ance were to be eliminated. While Negro teachers had less education than
white teachers, on the average, the discrepancy in educational attainment
was much smaller than that in salary.® The average salary in Southern
Negro elementary schools in 1935-1936 was only $jiO} in Southern white
schools it was $833. The corresponding figures for Mississippi alone were
* See Chapter 15, Section 3$ Chapter 41 ^ and Chapter 43, Section 4.
**
The only important exceptions are some private colleges.
"Almost 25 per cent of the Negro teachers in Southern elementary schools had received
no formal education beyond high school, compared to 6 per cent of the white teachers.
The difference was less marked, however, in respect to the proportions of those having at
least three years of college $ they were 22 and 28 per cent, respectively.
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