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Chapter 1 6. Income, Consumption and Housing 375
TABLE s
Diets or Normal Nonrelief Negro and White Families in
THE Southeast Classified by Grade: I936-I937*
Food Expenditure Group,
Income Class,
Community Group,
and Race**
Number Percentage of
of Families Diets Graded
in Sample Good Fair Poor
1. Families classified by weekly food value per food-
expenditure-unit*
$0.69-$!.37
Negro city and village families
Negro farm owners, tenants, and croppers
$i.38-$2.07
Negro city and village families
White city and village families
Negro farm owners, tenants, croppers
White farm owners and tenants, except croppers
2. Families classified by income
$2SO-$49Q
Negro city and village families
$50O-$999^
Negro city and village families
White city and village families
White farm owners and tenants, except croppers
143 0 4 96
109 3 17 80
124 7 30 63
114 4 30 66
89 19 39 42
1J3 26 41 33
126 14 19 67
US 12 22 66
83 •
12 37 51
124 45 25 30
Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Home Economics, Consumer Purchases Study, Urban
and Village Series, Family Food Consumption and Dietary Levels, Five Regions, Miscellaneous Publication No.
453 (1941). PP* SS-60 and 71; Farm Series, Family Food Consumption and Dietary Levels, Five Regions, Mis-
cellaneous Publication No. 405 (1941), pp. 83-89, loi and 106.
* Diets were classified as poor if they failed to meet any one of the following requirements in regard to the
food content per nutrition umt per day: protein 50 grams, calcium 0.45 gram, phosphorus 0.88 gram, iron 10
milligrams, vitamin A 3.000 International Units, thiamin 1.0 milligram or 333 International Units, ascorbic
acid 30 milli^ams or 600 International Units, riboflavin 0.9 milligram. They were classed as fair if they met
all these re9uirements by less than a 50 per cent margin with respect to one or more nutrients; as good if the
diets contained at least 50 per cent more of each nutrient. Not even the last standard is as high, in every
respect, as the “dietary yardstick” recommended by the National Research Council (.New York Times [May
26, 1941]). The Bureau of Home Economics, however, used a somewhat comparable standard (the so-called
excellent diet) which was 100 per cent higher in respect to vitamins and 50 per cent hijjher in respect toother
nutrients than was the fair diet. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 452, op. cit.,
PP* SS‘S6.) There were too few Negro families with such diets to warrant special consideration.
b Groups with less than 75 representatives in the sample are excluded. No income grouping has been
published for Negro farm families. Income and food-expenditure groups are included only in so far as the
sample for them contained at least 75 Negro families.
• Pood-expenditure-unit is roughly equal to one person. See footnote (a) of Table 4.
nevertheless, signiheant conclusion: the majority of the Negro fofulation
suffers from severe malnutrition. This is true at least about the South.
Conditions may be somewhat better in the North, for which we do not have
any adequate information.
6. Housing Conditions
Housing is much more than just shelter. It provides the setting for the
whole life of the family. Indeed, whether or not any organized family
life will be at all possible depends very much on the character of the
house or dwelling unit. Children cannot be reared in a satisfactory manner
if there is no place for them at home where they can play without con-
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