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504

(1944) [MARC] Author: Gunnar Myrdal
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Note: Gunnar Myrdal died in 1987, less than 70 years ago. Therefore, this work is protected by copyright, restricting your legal rights to reproduce it. However, you are welcome to view it on screen, as you do now. Read more about copyright.

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504 An American Dilemma
Director of the Associated Negro Press, were named special assistants to
the Secretary of Agriculture to ^^insure the Integration and full participa-
tion of Negro farmers in the food-for-freedom campaign.” Also there are
unofficial Negro advisors—such as Booker T. Washington when he was
alive and A. Philip Randolph (President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters) today—but their activities are an aspect of Negro leadership
more than of- federal policy and will be discussed in another context.®
According to the Chief of the Statistical Division of the Civil Service
Commission, there were about 82,000 Negroes holding federal Civil
Service jobs on June 30, 1938, representing about 9.8 per cent of the total
federal employment.®® About 88 per cent of these were stationed outside
Washington and were practically all either postal clerks, mail carriers,
unskilled laborers or janitors. Most of the 12 per cent stationed in Wash-
ington had similar low positions. They were strikingly negligible in the
lower salaried white collar jobs which furnish the bulk of employment for
white government employees. There was a small proportion of Negroes
in the higher paid technical, professional and administrative positions.^
During Reconstruction, Negroes succeeded in getting a large share of
the lower federal government jobs in the South (mainly in the postal
service). After the Southern conservatives regained power, and as the
North gradually entered the compromise by which it became blind to
actual conditions in the South, Negroes gradually lost these jobs. The fact
that the Republican party was in power most of the time after the Civil
War, and the fact that Negroes soon came under civil service, prevented
them from being thrown out of these jobs completely. By the time of the
Hoover administration, Negroes held practically none of the middle or
higher federal positions in the South and only a relatively small proportion
of the lower ones. The New Deal has reversed the trend slightly, not by
opening positions to Negroes in the South, but by being less discriminatory
in the lower jobs in Washington.
• See Part IX.
^ For a discussion of discrimination against Negroes in the federal Civil Service, see
Chapter 14, Section 8.

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