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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - VII. Social Inequality - 29. Patterns of Social Segregation and Discrimination - 6. Segregation in Specific Types of Institutions
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Chapter 29. Social Segregation and Discrimination 639
always prohibit Negro members in the South and sometimes even in the
North, unless the association is concerned with some phase of the Negro
problem. They simply refuse to invite Negroes to membership or to
admit them when they apply for membership, whether by formal policy
or by informal ad hoc action of the membership committee. Sometimes
national organizations—dominated by Northerners—would be willing to
admit Negroes but are prevented by their Southern minorities. The only
types of groups that almost consistently take in Negroes without restriction
are the scientific or other intellectual societies.®® The professional associa-
tions, such as the state bar and medical societies, usually admit Negro
members in the North but not in the South 5
the national organizations
are built upon this compromise, where membership depends upon the
policy of the local unit.
The position of trade unions has been dealt with earlier in this book;*
it is still true that most of them exclude or segregate Negroes.
Because of their exclusion from the various associations, Negroes have
formed their own associations. Every Negro community is abundantly
supplied with social and fraternal organizations, and nearly every city has
its Negro businessmen’s group. Negro professionals have formed national
associations which usually take the name National (Medical, Bar) Asso-
ciation in contradistinction to the white American (Medical, Bar) Associa-
tion. Negro clergymen also are excluded from organizations of their white
co-professionals, and in reacting have sometimes gone so far as to form
new denominations. While the white groups lose a little of the strength
which they might get by admitting all qualified persons, regardless of
race, Negroes are materi^ly hurt by not getting the advantages of mem-
bership in these bodies.
‘See Chapter i8. Section 3.
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