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Footnotes 1289
Exactly how great this difference is we cannot say, since the low income groups
were greatly under-represented in the expenditure sample of the Consumer Purchases
Study (which, of course, must affect the data for Negroes much more than it does those
for whites). Yet the records, despite this fact, show a considerable discrepancy in regard
to several important items. Negro farmers and tenants consumed even less than did
white sharecroppers of pork, poultry, eggs, fats, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar, and
particularly milk. Of fish and other seafoods they consumed somewhat larger quantities,
of beef and grain products about the same amount as white sharecroppers. Compared
with owners and more independent tenants among the whites, their inferior position
was even more pronounced. In Southern villages whites consumed four times as much
milk, three times as many eggs and fruits, twice as many potatoes and other vegetables
as did Negroes. Although Negroes, in villages as in other community groups, were
greater consumers of fish and seafood, the combined consumption of meats, pork and
fish was one-and-a-half times as high in white as it was in Negro households. Even of
fats and sugar, whites bought larger quantities than did Negroes.® Concerning the
situation in Southern cities we may quote the analysis of Sterner and Epstein:
“Whites reported the consumption of nearly six times as much whole fresh milk and
twice as much canned milk as Negroes. On the average, white families used more than
twice as many eggs, over three times as many tomatoes, five times as many oranges, and
over twice as many pounds of white potatoes as Negro families. Negroes used somewhat
less butter and other table fats but more lard products. Beef was used in considerably
larger quantities by whites than by Negroes. . . . While [Negroes used] more fresh
pork and salt-side, they consumed less bacon, ham, and poultry than white families.
On the other hand, Negroes used twice as much fresh fish as whites.”’^
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Study of Consumer Pur-
chases, Urban Technical Series, Family Expenditures in Selected Cities, Bulletin No.
648, Vol. 2, Food (1940), Tabular Summary, Table 4.
Sterner and Associates, of, cit,, Appendix Table 27,
Ibid,, pp. 99-100.
Almost half the Negro families sampled in small cities, villages, and farm areas of
the Southeast had a food-value per week and per food-expenditure-unit of less than
$1.38. The same was true of over one-fourth of the Negro families sampled in Atlanta,
Columbia and Mobile. White families, on the other hand, usually had relatively few
representatives in this economic group (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Home Economics, Consumer Purchases Study, Urban afid Village Series, Family Food
Consumption’ and Dietary Levels, Five Regions, Miscellaneous Publication No. 452
[1941], p. 188; and Farm Series, Family Food Consumption and Dietary Levels, Five
Regions, Miscellaneous Publication No. 405 [l94l]> p. 328.)
Home Economics, Consumer Purchases Study, Urban and Village Series, Family Food Con-
sumption and Dietary Levels, Five Regions, Miscellaneous Publication No. 452 (1941),
Tables 30 to 345 and Farm Series, Family Food Consumption and Dietary Levels, Five
Regions, Miscellaneous Publication No. 405 (1941), Tables 48 to 52.
* U. S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 405, op, cit,. Tables
48-525 and No. 452, op, cit,, Tables 30-34.
**
Sterner and Associates, op, cit,, p, 112.
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