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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - Footnotes - Chapter 25 - Chapter 26
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Footnotes 1343
observer that it is an irrational practice to keep the policemen’s professional standard
so unusually low.
For discussions on the problem of improving the police standards, see August
Vollmer, The Police oftd Modern Society (1936), especially pp. 216-234; and the
National Resources Committee, Urban Government (1939), pp. 276-291.
“After several years’ experience in rural Black Belt communities, the writer is
thoroughly convinced that the local whites would be thrown into a panic if they knew
the contents of the letters regularly going in and out of the Negro community. No
matter how poor and illiterate the small town Negro family may be, and how cowed
by the potential mob, regular inquiry will be made at the general delivery window.
“Most sharecropper families have at least one member who can read and write, and
all have mail boxes by the roadside. The R.F.D., however, may not be considered
dependable in times of strife, and especially important, or should we say delicate, letters
are carried personally to the post office.
“Sometimes the local post office may net be considered safe, and letters may be
posted in the nearest city. This is particularly true when people are under surveillance,
for whatever reason, and wish to conceal the destination of their letters. The files of
Washington officials, as well as the Commission on Interracial Affairs and the N. A. A.
C. P., bear eloquent testimony to the sense of security that Negroes and poorer whites
feel even in the local postal service in the rural South.”*
Raper testifies that they sometimes start out by approximating federal standards
but sooner or later become appreciative of local practices, and continues:
“On the basis of wide personal observation, the writer knows of only one instance
in the South where absolute equality between the races was practiced by a local admin-
istrator. This was in Atlanta, for a few months shortly after the emergence of the
New Deal, when Miss Louisa deB. Fitzsimmons was in active charge of relief admin-
istration.”’*
Raper, of. cit., p. 12.
Chapter 26. Courts, Sentences and Prisons
^ Through Afro^America (1910), pp. 97-98.
^ Ibid., pp. 96 and 97.
^ Virginius Dabney, Liberalism in the South (1932), p. 256.
^Arthur Raper, “Race and Class Pressures,” unpublished manuscript prepared for
this study (1940), pp. 64 ff.
^ Ibid., p. 89.
® Letter, April 15, 1940.
^
Charles S, Mangum, Jr,, The Legal Status of the Negro (1940), p. 343.
® Raper, of. cit^, p. 67. Compare ibid., pp. 1 56 ff.
^ Ibid., 155.
Mangum, of. cit.. Chapter I2.
Raper, of. cit., pp. 79 and 80.
“In most courts where Negro jurors will not be used or will be used only under
•Raper, of. cit., pp. lo-n.
^ Ibid., p. 8, footnote 1.
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