Note:
Gunnar Myrdal died in 1987, less than 70 years ago.
Therefore, this work is protected by copyright,
restricting your legal rights to reproduce it.
However, you are welcome to view it on screen, as you do now.
Read more about copyright.
Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - Footnotes - Chapter 31
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
Footnotes 1377
Fortune commented: . . every class and occupation, including even the unemployed
and the lowly farm hand, decisively considered itself middle class . . (These figures
are reprinted through the courtesy of Fortune magazine and are from “Fortune Survey:
XXVII,” Fortune [February, 1940J, p. 20.) For a further discussion, see George
Gallup and Saul Forbes Rae, The Pulse of Democracy (1940), pp. 169-170.
® The leading users of the concepts of caste and class have been a group of investi-
gators centered around Professor W. Lloyd Warner of the University of Chicago:
John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (1937) (This book was only slightly
influenced by Warner and used the concepts of caste and class in a less doctrinal way
than the following books); Allison Davis and John Dollard, Children of Bondage
(1940); W. Lloyd Warner, Buford H. Junker, and Walter A. Adams, Color and
Human Nature (1941); Allison Davis, Burleigh B. Gardner, and Mary R. Gardner,
Deef South (1941) ;
W. Lloyd Warner and Paul S. Lunt, The Social Life of a Mod-
em Community (1941).
In addition there are a few sociologists outside the Warner group who stress problems
of class stratification—notably Louis Wirth and Robert S. Lynd. Many writers have
employed the concept of caste as central to a study of some aspect of the Negro problem.
Few have done this with such insight as Buell G. Gallagher (American Caste and the
Negro College [1938].)
^ There has been some attempt to consider “social classes” in America before Warner,
however. Those interested in philanthropy did so early. William G. Sumner had a class
stratification scheme borrowed from Galton, based on biological ability (Folkways
[1913; first edition, 1906], pp. 39-53) and he wrote an essay on “What Social Classes
Owe to Each Other” (1883). Far more realistic was Thorstein Veblen in his Theory
of the Leisure Class (1899). In recent years, much influence in the direction of think-
ing in terms of class stratification emanated from the work of Alba M. Edwards of the
United States Census Bureau (Social-Economic Grouping of the Gainful Workers in
the United States: 1^30 [1938].)
^ Speech at New Haven, March 6, 1 860, in the Comflete Works of Abraham Lincoln^
John G. Nicolay and John Hay (editors) (1905; first edition, 1894), Vol. V, pp. 360-
361.
® Young, American Minority Peoflesy p. 417.
® Davis and Dollard, of, cit,^ p. 13. Compare the other works cited in footnote 5 of
this chapter. Davis and Dollard continue:
“A class is composed of families and of social cliques. The interrelationships between
these families and cliques, in such informal activities as visiting, dances, receptions, teas,
and larger informal affairs, constitute the structure of a social class.
“The forms of participation of the social clique and class are of an intimate type
which implies that the individuals included have equal status in the sense that they may
visit one another^ have interfamily rituals such as meals or tea together^ and may inter-
marry, Other types of cliques and larger groups which are organized upon a different
basis, such as by common occupation, or recreation (card-playing, golfing, etc.) or
church membership, or lodge membership, are not necessarily class-typed. Social partic-
ipation of this kind, therefore, may not be used by the observer as a reliable index of
class position.” (Idem,)
From a scientific point of view this definition of class has the advantage that: “Social
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
