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Footnotes 1413
only this, but the attendant financial difficulties promote ill-will. The whites usually do
not realize that their church buildings have deteriorated in value since the time they were
built, and the Negroes are often unwise in assuming obligations which they cannot
meet. (See Mays and Nicholson, of, cit,^ pp. 181 ff.)
“The Churches have either had nothing to say on the subjects of low wages and
long hours in the mills, or have distracted attention from economic wrongs by stressing
the calamities of individual sinfulness.” (Broadus Mitchell and George S. Mitchell,
The Industrial Revolution in the South [1930], p. 1 44.)
Booker T. Washington, The Future of the American Negro (1899), p. 170.
There are plenty of Negro preachers. In 1930, Negroes constituted 9.7 per cent
of the total population, but about 16.8 per cent of all clergymen. The actual figure is
probably higher than this, since some Negro preachers have other occupations, and the
latter may be the ones reported to the census-taker. (Fifteenth Census of the United
States: 1Q30, Pofulation^ Vol. IV, pp. 32-33.) Many of these preachers—the so-called
“jack leg” preachers—^have no congregation.
^®See Mays and Nicholson, of, cit,^ pp. 10 fassim.
On the basis of their sample study of 185 rural Negro churches and 609 urban
Negro churches in 1930, Mays and Nicholson (ihid,^ pp. 171 and 261) report the
following percentage distribution of church expenditures:
7^5 Rural 6 og Urban
Churches Churches
Salaries 69.9 43.2
Interest and Reduction of Church Debt 2.0 22.9
Benevolence and Miscellaneous
Items (including insurance, rent, heat, light) 15.8 21.0
Education, Missions, etc 5.9 6.6
Repairs and Upkeep 6.4 6.3
100.0 100.0
Of the urban churches, 71.3 per cent reported that their buildings were under a
mortgage.
Fry’s analysis of the 1926 Census of Religious Bodies indicates that the following
percentages of Protestant clergymen reported that they graduated either from college
or seminary:
Negro White
Urban 3* 80
Rural »7 47
(C. Luther Fry, The United States Looks at Its Churches [1930], pp. 64-66.) These
figures are inflated by exaggeration in reporting and by overlooking some of the smaller
churches. Mays and Nicholson (of, cit,y p. 302) questioned 590 urban Negro ministers
and found that only 27.7 per cent claimed to have graduated from college or seminary.
They also reported that 57.5 per cent of 134 rural Negro ministers had only a
grammar school education or less. (lbid,y p. 238.)
In a study of 1,200 Negro ministers, Woodson found that 70 per cent had no college
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