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Footnotes
Chapter 42. TAs Negro Press
^Willis D. Weatherford and Charles S. Johnson, Race Relations (1934), p. 485.
* Frederick G. Detweiler, The Negro Press in the United States (1922), p. 79.
®
“The Negro Press—^Today and Tomorrow,” Offortunity (July, 1939), p. 205.
^Florence Murray (editor). The Negro Handbook (1942), p. 201. (The figures
are taken from a U.S. Bureau of the Census report for 1940.)
® The Negro Handbook^ p. 201.
®The U.S. Bureau of the Census reported that there were 210 Negro newspapers
in 1940, but only 155 reported their circulation figures. These 155 newspapers reported
a combined circulation per issue of 1,276,600. (Cited in The Negro Handbook^ p.
201.) The eminent Negro journalist, George S. Schuyler, estimates that the total
circulation of the weekly Negro newspapers is around 1,600,000 (Pittsburgh Courier,
May 9, 1942). We feel conservative in speaking of the circulation as around one and
a half millions. The Pittsburgh Courier has the largest circulation of all Negro news-
papers; it sells about 141,500 copies weekly. The Chicago Defender is second, with
a weekly circulation of about 83,500. {Ayer^s Directory of Newsfafers and Periodicals
[1942], pp. 84s, 217.)
^ Estimate based on the assumption that there are one and a half million Negro
newspapers sold per week. (See text footnote in this chapter.) Johns estimates that a
third of Negro adults in Chicago “regularly read” Negro newspapers. (Elizabeth D.
Johns, “The Role of the Negro Newspaper in the Negro Community,” unpublished
manuscript made available through the courtesy of the author [1940].)
® Detweiler, 0^. cit,, pp. 6-7.
^ In an unpublished study of certain localities in Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana,
Charles S. Johnson found that more Northern newspapers were read than local ones.
Cited by Detweiler, of. cit,, pp. lo-li.
^®The following historical notes are based mainly on G. James Fleming, “The
Negro Press,” unpublished manuscript prepared for this study (1940); and Detweiler,
Of, cit.
Of, cit,, p. 39.
James Weldon Johnson, Black Manhattan (1930), p, 15.
Irvine Garland Penn, Afro-American Press and Its Editors (1891), pp. 112-114.
Fleming, of, cit,, pp, II: 4-5.
^^/bid., p. Ill: 12,
^®In February, 1919, the town of Somerville, Tennessee, decreed that no “colored
newspapers” might be circulated in that town, but that every “darkey” must read a
newspaper edited by a Confederate veteran. (Detweiler, of. cit., p. i.) In February,
1921, an agent for the Philadelphia American was lynched in Athens, Georgia. Whites
claimed that he had murdered a white woman ; Negroes claimed that his only crime was
to have tried to build up a Northern Negro newspaper’s circulation. (Ibid*, p. 20; see
also pp. 19-22.)
PM, although a daily, does not have complete coverage of the news, and it has a
higher price than usual. Its attention to national Negro issues and protests, however, is
said to have given it .a large circulation among J^egroes in New York and Washington,
especially those in the upper classes. PM does not, however, give the Negro society.
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