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ARMENIA AND THE NEAR EAST
3 14
Boghos Nubar Pasha, the indefatigable and self-sacrificing
spokesman of the Armenians in the Entente countries
throughout the war. An address to the Peace Conference,
signed on February 12, 191 9, by these two presidents, formu
lated the grounds for claiming the independent State that :he
Allies had pledged themselves to give to the Armenian people.
On January 19, 1920, the Supreme Council of the Peace
Conference decided to recognize de facto the Government of
the Armenian State, and proposed that the League of Nations
should protect this independent State as a Mandate. The
Council of the League answered on April 11, 1920, that it
had not the necessary means (e.g. military and financial) for
undertaking such a duty, which, moreover, was not in accord
ance with the purposes for which it existed. The proper
way to safeguard the future of the Armenian nation was to
find a Power which would accept the Mandate under the
control and with the moral support of the League. On
April 25, 1920, the Supreme Council, through President
Wilson, requested the United States to take over the Mandate
for Armenia. On May 31, 1920, the Senate of the United
States refused the Mandate ; but President Wilson undertook
to arbitrate on the question of ArmeruVs frontiers. Subse
quent applications to other Powers requesting them to accept
the Mandate were equally fruitless.
The Treaty of Sévres between Turkey and the Allies,
which was signed on August 10, 1920, with the President of
Armenia as one of the signatories, recognized Armenia
(dejure) as zfree, independent, and sovereign State ; and left to the
arbitrament of the President of the United States the definition
of the frontier between Turkey and Armenia in the vilayets
of Erzerum, Trebizond, Van, andßitlis. The Powers would
" approve his decision and likewise all dispositions that he
might recommend with regard to ArmeruVs access to the sea
and the disarmament of the whole Ottoman territory adjoining
the frontier in question," etc, etc. This sounds nothing
short of ludicrous when we remember that they had not
disarmed even the territories which were to belong to the
Armenians. About three months later President Wilson
deflned the frontiers (made public November 22, 1921), and
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