- Project Runeberg -  Norway and Sweden. Handbook for travellers /
lix

(1889) [MARC] Author: Karl Baedeker
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of Danish and Swedish magnates assembled at Kalmar, where
they drew up a new treaty of union, but without affirming that
the three kingdoms were thenceforward to be ruled by one
monarch. Lastly, in Denmark also a rebellion broke out, chiefly,
however, against the nobility and the clergy, and the Danes were
therefore compelled to seek for a new king.

In 1439 Denmark and Sweden formally withdrew their
allegiance from Erik, and Christopher of Bavaria was elected in his
stead, being afterwards proclaimed king of Norway also (1442).
Erik spent ten years in Gotland where he supported himself by
piracy, and ten years more in Pomerania, where he died in 1459.

The separate election and coronation of Christopher in the
three countries shows that their union had ceased to exist in more
than the name. The new king succeeded, however, in asserting
his authority in every part of his dominions, although not without
many sacrifices. In his reign Copenhagen was raised to the rank
of the capital of Denmark. His plans for the consolidation of his
power were cut short by his death in 1448, and the union was
again practically dissolved. The Swedes now proclaimed Karl
Knutsson king, while the Danes elected Christian of Oldenburg,
a nephew of the Duke of Holstein and Slesvig. In 1449 Christian
also succeeded by stratagem in procuring his election in Norway,
but Karl Knutsson was proclaimed king and crowned by the
peasantry. The following year, however, Karl renounced his second
crown, and Christian was thereupon crowned at Throndhjem.
Karl having rendered himself obnoxious to the clergy and others
of his subjects in Sweden, Christian succeeded in supplanting him
here also, and he was crowned king of Sweden in 1457. In 1460
Christian next inherited the duchies of Holstein and Slesvig from
his uncle, but he was compelled to sign a charter declaring that
he would govern them by their own laws and not as part of
Denmark. The government of this vast empire was a task to which
Christian proved unequal. Norway was plundered by Russians
and Karelians and grievously oppressed by the Hanseatic
merchants, who in 1455 slew Olaf Nilsson, governor of Bergen , and
the bishop of the town, and burned the monastery of Munkeliv
with impunity. In 1468 and 1469 he pledged the Orkney and
Shetland Islands to Scotland, and caused great discontent by the
introduction into Norway of Danish and German nobles, to whom
he granted extensive privileges. Sweden, too. groaned under heavy
taxation, and in 1464 recalled Karl Knutsson to the throne. He
was soon banished, but in 1467 recalled a third time, and in 1470
he died as king of Sweden. In 1471 Sten Sture, the Elder, a
nephew of Knutsson, and the guardian of his son, was appointed
administrator, and the same year Christian was defeated at
Stockholm, after which lie made no farther attempt to regain his
authority in Sweden. He died in 14S1 and was succeeded in Denmark

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