- Project Runeberg -  Botaniska studier tillägnade F. R. Kjellman den 4 November 1906 /
249

(1906) [MARC]
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observations on tiie vegetation of 1’iif. antarctic sf.a 249

Here I have noticed an even, sandy beacli which lias proved quite
unsuitable for any macroscopic marine plant-life. Kjellman 1 points out
that he never found any noteworthy littoral vegetation on an exposed
coast, but only in sheltered places on the inside of islands . It is
principally the ice which has to be taken into consideration, as will
be shown later on.

The bottom exercises the same influence in the Antarctic Sea
as in other parts of the world. In the list of stations will be found
the different kinds of bottom encountered during the voyage.

The salinity and temperature of the sea exercises a large
influence on the development of vegetation. As to the Arctic Sea
Kjellman 2 remarks that the coast-water of Siberia gets mixed with
masses of freshwater from the large rivers and that the poverty of the
littoral region might partly be due to this fact. There is nothing
corresponding to this in the Antarctic. Xo rivers are known and
superfluous precipitation discharges itself in the form of icebergs, or, if the
necessary conditions are wanting, in the form of smaller pieces of ice.
I feel sure that only a small part of this freshwater-ice melts in the
vicinity of Antarctic lands, most of it being brought farther to north.
In the spring and summer certainly the snow on the beach melts, but
only in one place, Seymour Island, have we seen the snow melt on
a comparatively large scale.

If we compare the statements on the salinity of northern seas
given by Kjellman 3 with the figures given below, we shall find that
the salinity of the Antarctic seawater exceeds a little that of the Arctic.

The temperature of the water is, as is well known, very low in
polar seas, but this does not prevent the existence of a rich
vegetation. In tins respect the Antarctic is not inferior to the Arctic. The
following table clearly shows that we have to do with a very cold sea.

1 Alg. Aret. Sea, p. 22.

3 Alg. Aret. Sea, p. 26.

3 Alg. Aret. Sea, p. 28.

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