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observations (In the vegetation ol- tUe Vntarctic sea 251
Every visitor on Antarctic lands is well acquainted with the
constant surf on open coasts. When rubbing the icefloes against the rocks
the effect must be very injuriously to vegetation. Only the calcareous
algæ seem to be more or less unaffected by it.
Tidal observations were made at our winterstation at Snow
I till during a short period. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Bodman for
the figures communicated below. The arc however not revised.
Tidal observations, made at Snow Hill, June 1902.
Differences in C 111.
Date High Water Low Water —■ High Water - Low Water —
13 — 112 110 72
14 61 86 114,5 102,5
’S Si 61 149 148
16 60 75 165 165
17 63 182 225
18 149 94 248 255
■9 128 ii) 202 241
20 140 140 251 258
21 151 143 242 —
The least difference is 51, the greatest, 258 cm.
The influence of ice. In places where the inland-ice extends
down to the edge of the sea, no littoral vegetation can exist and even
the subliyoral algæ easily get injured. Thus it is necessary that the
beach during the summertime should be free from ice and snow.
During the winter a bank of ice and snow covers the strand down to the
highwater mark and an »ice-foot» covers at least a part of the littoral
region. Many waterpools and basins are frozen to the bottom. But
this by no means prevents the existence of macroscopic algæ, partly
consisting of annual species, partly, and no doubt chiefly, of perennial,
which thus throughout the winter live frozen in and quite deprived of
light. In November 1902 I observed many basins at different stages of
thawing. By this an abundant melting from the lover surface seems to take
place; on some occasions I collected algæ under a vault of ice, from which
the water dropped down into the basin. The calcareous algæ especially
are able to endure this hard winter-life, but other, much more delicate
plants were also collected, though more or less damaged after the
captivity. Examples of this are given in the description of the regions.
The drifting ice, sea-ice or icebergs are also of great importance.
KjELI.MAN points out that he helds the drifting ice to be one of most
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