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ten; and in 1851 Maine adopted prohibition--some
striking parallelisms to the United States of
1924. Material development in some parts of the
land was so rapid that it was difficult to follow
the character of the growth. Cincinnati was known
simultaneously either as "The Queen of the West" or
as "The City of Hogs," depending upon the observer
and the circumstances of the observation. And yet
esthetic, spiritual, and educational matters were
also given more attention than ever before. Professor
Longfellow was at this time writing good poetry
in Cambridge; Fanny Kemble was giving readings in
Shakespeare; Boston was listening to some remarkable
Unitarians; and while adventurers were rushing to
the gold fields of California, New York installed
its first public school system. By 1850--and this
is perhaps the most important condition to note
here--slavery had been wholly abandoned in the Northern
States, which meant a distinct North and South with
all the consequences arising from this cleavage. The
foremost statesmen of the day, like Clay and Webster,
spent their energy vehemently debating the Fugitive
Slave Bill and the Compromise of 1850.
To this America came in 1849 a frail, middle-aged
Swedish spinster, Fredrika Bremer, whose interests
embraced the whole universe, and who
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