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74 The Century of the Child
investigations conducted during a number of
years, that the enormous mortaHty among
young children in factory districts arises
chiefly because the child is deprived of a
mother’s care a few weeks after birth. A child
needs its mother’s milk at least six months, and
the mother’s milk cannot be substituted by ar-
tificial means, least of all when the substitutes
are used with carelessness. In certain textile
factory districts, in Nottingham, for example,
where lace is produced, and where people have
complained of the law limiting women’s work,
out of each thousand children, two hundred die
annually. Mortality in factory districts is four
to five times greater than in country districts;
and yet the death of children is, relatively
speaking, a lesser evil. More unfortunate
still is it that those who survive always suffer
partial weakness from the lack of a mother’s
care at a tender age.
In Silesia, where children and quite young
girls are employed in the glass industry, the
work has so distorted their bodily structure
that when they bear children, their suiferings
are intense. Such unique material do they
offer for the study of obstetrics, that doctors
make pilgrimages to Silesia to learn from their
cases.
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