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Education 117
The habits of the household, and the child’s
habits in it must be absolutely fixed if they
are to be of any value. Amiel truly says that
habits are principles which have become in-
stincts, and have passed over into flesh and
blood. To change habits, he continues, means
to attack life in its very essence, for life is only
a web of habits.
Why does everything remain essentially the
same from generation to generation? Why
do highly civilised Christian people continue
to plunder one another and call it exchange,
to murder one another en masse, and call it
nationalism, to oppress one another and call it
statesmanship ?
Because in every new generation the im-
pulses supposed to have been rooted out by
discipline in the child, break forth again, when
the struggle for existence—of the individual
in society, of the society in the life of the state
—begins. These passions are not transformed
by the prevalent education of the day, but only
repressed. Practically this is the reason why
not a single savage passion has been overcome
in humanity. Perhaps man-eating may be
mentioned as an exception. But what is told
of European ship companies or Siberian pris-
oners shows that even this impulse, under
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