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156 The Century of the Child
the level of the child’s will and obstructing his
energies.
This is certainly a danger, but the most seri-
ous effect of corporal punishment is that it
has established an unethical morality as its
result. Until the human being has learnt to
see that effort, striving, development of
povi^er, are their own reward, life remains an
unbeautiful aifair. The debasing effects of
vanity and ambition, the small and great
ci*uelties produced by injustice, are all due to
the idea that failure or success sets the value
to deeds and actions.
A complete revolution in this crude theory
of value must come about before the earth can
become the scene of a happy but considerate
development of power on the part of free and
fine human beings. Every contest decided
by examinations and prizes is ultimately an
immoral method of training. It awakens
only evil passions, envy and the impression of
injustice on the one side, arrogance on the
other. After I had during the course of
twenty years fought these school examina-
tions, I read with thorough agreement a short
time ago, Ruskin’s views on the subject. He
believed that all competition was a false basis
of stimulus, and every distribution of prizes
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