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- II. The Eskimo language, its admirable organisation as to the construction and flexion of words
- The written language, letters and signs
- The parts of speech, the organisation of the language exhibited in its mode of construing and inflecting words
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more general relationships exist between the different tribes as
regards this question.
The parts of speech, the organisation of the language
exhibited in its mode of construing and inflecting words.
[1]
As in all languages, the original component parts of the
words are roots. Out of these roots in the earliest ages of the
language were formed stems, each of which got its fixed
signification. Leaving the development of the roots to professional
linguistic investigation, our considerations in the present volume
will be limited to THE STEMS as already existing and YIELDING
THE MATERIAL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS. They are
divided into two classes: (1) INDEPENDENT OR PRIMITIVE, (2)
DEPENDENT OR ADDED, the latter only to be applied in connection
with the former, producing COMPOUND STEMS OR DERIVATIVES.
In receiving the affixes the original word embodies notions
which more or less modify its signification. The repetition of
this process gives rise to SUBORDINATE STEMS OF VARIOUS
DEGREES, EACH OF THEM FORMING THE INDEPENDENT STEM TO
THE NEXT.
The ADDED STEMS OR AFFIXES are distinguished from their
counterparts in wellknown European languages by their
multiplicity and as to the majority of them, their moveableness or
capability of being appended wherever the meaning may admit
or require it, whereas on the other hand composing by adding
real words to others is unknown. Notwithstanding these
extraordinary means for the construction of derived words, whose
signification is given immediately by their constituent parts, the
dictionary must comprise and more closely explain the sense
of many derivatives, in the first place because not all affixes
[1] Hereafter if none of the other dialects is quoted, the Greenland grammar
always is meant, and generally the latter also applies to the Labrador
idiom.
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