Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. The Eskimo language, its admirable organisation as to the construction and flexion of words - The parts of speech, the organisation of the language exhibited in its mode of construing and inflecting words
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LANGUAGES SEEM TO EXHIBIT A SIMILAR FECUNDITY OF
COMPOSITIONS.
The following examples will probably give a satisfactory
idea of the process by which the derivatives are produced.
Stemword: igdlo a house.
1st class derivatives: igdlorssuaq a large h., igdlúnguaq a
small h., igdlûvoq it is a h., igdluliorpoq he builds a h.,
igdloqatâ his housefellow.
2d class: igdlorssualiorpoq he builds a large h.,
igdlorssualiarpoq he goes to the l. h., igdloqatigâ he has him for his
housefellow.
3d class: igdlorssualiorfik the place where the l. h. is being
built, igdlorssualiortoq he who builds the l. h., igdloqatigiumavâ
he wishes to have him for his housefellow.
4th class: igdlorssualiorfilik one who has a place where a
1. h. is being built, igdlorssualiorlugssaq one who is going to (can)
build a l. h.
5th class: igdlorssualiortugsarâ he has him as one who
can b. a. l. h.
6th class: igdlorssualiortugssarsiumavoq he wants to find
one who will (can) b. a. l. h.
It is a peculiarity to the language that NOUNS AND VERBS
ARE ALMOST THE ONLY PARTS OF SPEECH. The nominal stems
or words are used as nouns in their original state. The verbal
stems require an addition in order to become real verbs, f. i.
verbal stem pisuk, verb: pisugpoq he walks. Some stems are at
once nominal and verbal.
Closely allied to nouns, if not wholly to be classed with
them, are some demonstrative words or pronouns, while in the
main the pronouns are comprised in the verbs and expressed
by flexion. Finally there are particles and interjections, probably
also originated from similar stems. But true adjectives hardly
exist, although nouns placed with nouns can be used as
adjectives. Other kinds of words are comprised in the nouns
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