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- II. The Eskimo language, its admirable organisation as to the construction and flexion of words
- Particular nouns
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Particular nouns.
DEMONSTRATIVE WORDS. The demonstrative roots are: ma here
(where I am), táss there, uv here, there (pointing), ik or iv yonder,
av north or right, qav south or left (facing the open sea), pav east
or landward, also upward, kan here down, also west or seaward, kig
south, kam inside or outside.
By themselves, as they are, or merely rendered pronunciable by
the addition of an a, these roots are only used as interjections. Their
proper application is in the cases: localis, ablative, vialis and
terminalis, formed by adding: ane, ánga (Labr. ángat), ûna and unga, f. i.
mâne here, mãnga hence, mauna this way, maunga hither.
As a rare exception in the language, a prefix here is used in
putting a ta before these words only to strengthen their demonstrative
tendency.
Demonstratives referring to a person or an object are formed
by adding na to the above roots, excepting táss and kig, f. i. mána
this one here, ivna he or that yonder. Their flexion is somewhat
deviating, f. i.
| Singular | Plural |
| Objective . . . . . | ivna | ivko |
| Subjective . . . . . | ivssuma | ivkua |
| Localis . . . . . | ivssumane | ivkunane |
| Ablative . . . . . | ivssumánga | ivkunánga |
| Vialis . . . . . | ivssumûna | ivkukut |
| Terminalis . . . . . | ivssumúnga | ivkunúnga |
| Modalis . . . . . | ivssumínga | ivkunínga. |
Somewhat related to this class of words are: nâ where?, suna
what? kina who?
In the Mackenzie grammar, the principal words belonging to this
class are called pronouns.
NUMERALS. In all the dialects they are formed by making
subdivisions for every fifth number, counting the fingers of hand
and foot.
WORDS OF PLACE. By this name are termed some nouns which
designate a place or space in reference to a certain object, for which
reason they require a suffix, excepting when used in the terminalis.
Examples are:
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