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purpose of cutting holes or notches in the ice, its hind part
or lower end has to be fitted as a pick-axe of bone or ivory.
Omitting a fuller description of the arctic hunter’s modes
of proceeding, which so often has been given in various works,
we are now enabled to comprise his equipment, in the following
list referring to the above statements:
For hunting by kayak and partly from open boats or
from the edge of the ice:
1. THE LARGE HARPOON WITH THE HUNTING BLADDER,
see: a, d, f, g, k.
2. THE ORDINARY KAYAK-LANCE, see: a, c, k.
3. THE BLADDER ARROW OR JAVELIN, see: a, d, i.
4. OTHER SMALLER HARPOONS of various sizes, used in
some localities, see: a, d, e.
5. THE BIRD-ARROW, see: a, d.
6. SMALL HAND SPEARS, AND FOR WHALES LARGE LANCES,
see: a, d.
7. THE THROWING STICK, see: l.
For hunting on the ice:
8. HARPOON FOR STABBING, in watching at the breathing
holes see: b, d, e or f, m.
9. HARPOON FOR SEALS LYING UPON THE ICE, see: a, d, e
or f, m.
10. LARGE LANCES like 6.
As already alluded to, the construction and the use of these
implements in connection with the means of conveyance vary
somewhat with the different tribes, partly according to their
ditferent degree of development, but chiefly from the climate
and the geographical features of the regions occupied by them.
Exceptionally even, the natives of Smith’s-sound, as is well
known, have no kayak at all, in other places the umiak is
almost, or even wholly, wanting, whereas again in others it is
preferred to the kayak, and with these differences the
implements must also vary.
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